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Quantum Computers Are Not a Threat to 128-bit Symmetric Keys

The advancing threat of cryptographically-relevant quantum computers has made it urgent to replace currently-deployed asymmetric cryptography primitives—key exchange (ECDH) and digital signatures (RSA, ECDSA, EdDSA)—which are vulnerable to Shor’s quantum algorithm. It does not, however, impact existing symmetric cryptography algorithms (AES, SHA-2, SHA-3) or their key sizes. There’s a common misconception that quantum computers will “halve” the security of symmetric keys, requiring 256-bit keys ...

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