Nataliya Kosmyna, Eugene Hauptmann, Ye Tong Yuan, Jessica Situ, Xian-Hao Liao, Ashly Vivian Beresnitzky, Iris Braunstein, and Pattie Maes. "Your brain on chatgpt: Accumulation of cognitive debt when using an ai assistant for essay writing task." arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.08872 (2025). Abstract This study explores the neural and behavioral consequences of LLM-assisted essay writing. Participants were divided into three groups: LLM, Search Engine, and Brain-only (no tools). Each completed three se...