This is an excerpt from my forthcoming book, The Origins of Efficiency, out September 23rd.Ford’s status as a large-volume car producer began with the predecessor to the Model T: the Model N, a four-cylinder, two-seater car initially priced at $500. At the time, the average car in the US cost more than $2,000, and it seemed nearly unimaginable that a car with the capabilities of the Model N could cost so little. In 1906, the year the Model N was introduced, Ford sold 8,500 of them, making the au...